What the Saudi Arabia–Türkiye–Pakistan Mecca Joint Defense Agreement Means for Azerbaijan

For decades, the security architecture of the Middle East was shaped largely by powers outside the region. Foreign military bases, naval deployments, external mediation, and security guarantees from major global … Read More

From Defence Pact to Strategic Autonomy: Building a Tripartite Military-Industrial Ecosystem among Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia

To effectively implement the regional tripartite defence pact commonly associated with the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence, the three Middle Powers—Pakistan, Türkiye and Saudi Arabia—must move beyond conventional military … Read More

Beyond Sir Creek Dispute: UNCLOS and Voisinage as Pathways to India–Pakistan Maritime Cooperation

Abstract: This article proposes the “Sir Creek Dialogue: Fostering Voisinage and Cooperation,” an initiative, as a pragmatic pathway for India and Pakistan to manage the complex Sir Creek maritime boundary … Read More

Completing the Maritime Picture: Why Regional Information Hubs Matter in the Strait of Hormuz Crisis

The recent op-ed on “Strait of Hormuz: Time for a Maritime Peacekeeping Operation?” by Christian Bueger, published on 24 March 2026 offers a compelling and well-structured analysis of one of the … Read More

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